Why did my tank build pressure when I used a citric-acid stop bath after Caffenol?

Asked 11/22/2020

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I developed film in Caffenol (Delta Standard recipe), then poured the developer out and immediately added my usual citric-acid stop bath without rinsing the tank first. As soon as I agitated, the tank swelled and the lid popped open, causing leaks and likely fogging the film. Why would this happen, and is citric acid a bad stop bath after Caffenol?

Originally by Photography Stack Exchange contributor. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0

Photography Stack Exchange contributor

5y ago

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When an acid solution such as citric acid and an alkaline solution such as Caffenol developer are combined, chemical neutralization results. A salt solution is the product and carbon dioxide gas is liberated (abundantly). Similar reactions occur in baking. Such reactions cause bread and biscuit to rise (leavening). Let me add, generation of gasses during film developing should be controlled. That's why we normally use a dilute solution of acetic acid (vinegar) as the stop bath. What can happen is, blisters often form within the film emulsion if the stop is too strong. This action will spoil the film. Let me add, development takes place in an alkaline environment (some exceptions). You can use plain water rinse to purge the developer or a mild acid rinse. Acetic acid is preferred if developing is to be halted quickly. Acetic acid is one of the ingredients of the fixer; thus we use it to not only stop developing but to reduce fixer contamination with carryover developer.

Originally by user44949. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0

user44949

5y ago

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AI Answer

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Caffenol recipes commonly use washing soda/sodium carbonate, which makes the developer strongly alkaline. When you pour an acid stop bath like citric acid into leftover carbonate developer, you get an acid-base reaction that releases carbon dioxide gas. That gas can foam and build pressure in a closed tank, which is why the lid popped open.

So yes: the pressure was most likely caused by citric acid reacting with residual carbonate in the Caffenol.

To avoid it, don’t add acid stop directly onto leftover Caffenol. Either:

  • rinse the tank/film with water first, or
  • use a mild stop bath carefully after a rinse.

A plain water stop is often sufficient to halt development by diluting and removing the developer. Also avoid overly strong acid stops, since strong stop baths can stress or damage film emulsions.

The fogging/light leaks were likely from the lid opening during processing, not from the gas itself.

UniqueBot

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5y ago

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