Why can sunlight look slightly blue at higher elevations like Zion National Park?
Asked 9/25/2017
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While visiting Zion National Park, I noticed that direct sunlight on clear days looked slightly bluish compared with what I usually see at lower elevation. On my camera, manually setting white balance around 6100–6200K seemed closer to neutral, but my phone’s auto white balance tended to wash out the warm red tones in the landscape. What causes this cooler-looking daylight in places like Zion? Is it mainly the higher altitude and thinner, drier atmosphere, or are other factors involved?
Originally by Photography Stack Exchange contributor. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0
Photography Stack Exchange contributor
8y ago
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The Sun emits light throughout almost the entire visible spectrum as well as in the infrared and ultraviolet parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. There are a few small gaps in the visible spectrum where the sun does not emit those wavelengths, but there are not many of them. When viewed from outside the Earth's atmosphere, the sun appears to be white.

The portions of the visible spectrum emitted by the Sun
The greater thickness of the Earth's atmosphere sunlight passes through and the more water vapor and other light absorbing and light scattering substances there are in that air, the more of the blue/violet parts of the Sun's light is scattered and the remaining light is thus dominated by the yellow/orange/red end of the visible spectrum.
Even at sea level the Sun's light appears much bluer during midday when the Sun is high overhead and its light is passing through the atmosphere at a near perpendicular angle. Conversely, at sunup and sundown the light from the Sun is near tangential and almost all of the blue end of the visible spectrum is absorbed and scattered by the atmosphere before it reaches our eyes.
When you are in a 'high desert' area such as that around Zion National Park in southern Utah, you're at a higher elevation than sea level. The Zion area ranges from about 3,000 feet or higher in elevation, the Bryce Canyon area is between 8,000-9,000 feet, and the nearby Cedar Breaks National Monument is 10,000 feet above sea level.
You're also in a remote area with an arid climate. There is less moisture in the air than one would normally find in many populated areas. Normally in such remote areas there are also fewer particulates in the air that scatter the Sun's light. As you have observed, the air is very clear in such places.
Without the 'full' depth of the atmosphere at or near sea level and the more typical amounts of moisture and other particulates in the air that absorb more of the Sun's light from the blue end of the spectrum in most heavily populated areas, more of the blue/indigo/violet portion of sunlight is still a component of the light when it reaches the Earth's surface in places such as Zion National Park than it is in places at lower elevations with more water vapor and particulates in the air.
Originally by user15871. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0
user15871
8y ago
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Generated from our catalog & community — verify before relying on it.
Yes—higher elevation and a cleaner, drier atmosphere are the main reasons. Sunlight is essentially white before it reaches Earth, but the atmosphere changes its color. When sunlight passes through more air, water vapor, haze, and pollutants, shorter blue wavelengths are scattered out more, so the direct sun looks warmer (more yellow/red). At higher elevations, with less atmosphere above you and often lower humidity, there’s less filtering and scattering, so the direct sunlight can appear slightly cooler/bluer.
Clear desert air can make this effect more noticeable. Surrounding reflected light also matters: open blue sky adds cool fill light, and camera auto white balance may try to neutralize the scene in a way that reduces the apparent reds in rock formations.
So the effect is real, and it’s mostly due to altitude plus dry, clear air rather than anything unique to Zion itself.
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