The most clearly RAW-specific control is white balance, especially temperature/tint, because RAW still contains the sensor’s original capture data. Some converters also offer truly RAW-only options such as demosaicing and certain detail/sharpening controls that affect how sensor data is turned into pixels.

Many other sliders—exposure, contrast, blacks, recovery, fill light, vibrance, saturation—have rough equivalents later in Photoshop, but they often work better at the RAW stage because RAW preserves much more bit depth and dynamic range. That gives you more room to adjust tones and color before data is clipped or compressed into an 8-bit rendered image.

So: not all of those sliders are uniquely RAW-only, but applying them during RAW conversion is often more effective and less destructive.

Also, edits made in Nikon ViewNX 2 generally will not transfer into Adobe Camera Raw when opening the same RAW file in Photoshop. If you export a TIFF, the visible result carries over, but it is no longer RAW editing. In practice, do your RAW adjustments in one ecosystem or the other, not both.