A commonly cited early example of the modern DSLR-style control layout is the Minolta Maxxum/Dynax 9000, introduced in 1985. It used control wheels for settings such as shutter speed and aperture in a way that closely resembles later cameras.

Earlier autofocus models like the Maxxum/Dynax 7000 used up/down buttons instead of dual control wheels.

Before electronic camera controls became common, exposure settings were usually adjusted with dedicated mechanical controls:

• aperture: typically an aperture ring on the lens
• shutter speed: usually a dial on the camera body
• on some leaf-shutter cameras, shutter speed was controlled on the lens itself, often by a lever or ring

So if you mean the first camera with the same basic wheel-based interface seen on modern DSLRs, the Minolta 9000 is a strong answer. If you mean dials in the broader sense, cameras had long used physical dials and levers for decades before that.