When are cross-type autofocus points better than line-type AF points?

Asked 6/6/2013

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I know cross-type AF points use two perpendicular line sensors, while line-type points only detect contrast in one orientation. In real shooting, when do cross-type points make a noticeable difference? Are they meaningfully better, or is the lack of many cross-type points mostly a spec-sheet concern?

Originally by Photography Stack Exchange contributor. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0

Photography Stack Exchange contributor

13y ago

2 Answers

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"Cross" type sensors are pairs of "line" type sensors at 90 degrees, not just sensors with diagonal orientation. They are commonly arranged straight up and down like this + but can also be diagonal like this X

It matters. A line type sensor will completely fail to detect detail which is parallel to the direction of the sensor, and even worse will give highly inaccurate results with detail which is close to parallel.

Edges are usually good features for autofocus systems. More so than surface textures or shading patterns. But in our man-made world edges (of walls, floors, doors, windows) tend to be either horizontal or vertical, meaning a 50% chance of being invisible to a "regular" autofocus sensor. In my opinion camera manufacturers should orient the line sensors at 45 degrees like this / or this \ but they don't.

Another problem is most cameras don't indicate which direction a sensor is sensitive to, in any way! Some of the criticism for the outer points of the original 5D being inaccurate can be traced to the fact that some of the outer points are vertically sensitive only and some are horizontally sensitive only. Turning your camera 90 degrees and suddenly a very poor AF lock becomes a very good one.

It's not the end of the world though, there are work-arounds. Notably turning the camera 45 degrees to focus. But it's a pain to do this even if you do remember and can ruin the spontaneity of a photograph opportunity. The key is to know what's going on, then you can look for the appropriate type of detail (that has variation in all directions).

Also consider:

  • not everyone uses the outer points, some focus and recompose (centre points are almost always cross type)
  • not all scenes / types of photography require accurate autofocus

but if you want reliable and fast AF anywhere in the frame without thinking too hard (e.g. if you shoot events or weddings) then I would pay attention to how many cross type AF points are provided.

Originally by user1375. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0

user1375

13y ago

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Cross-type AF points can focus on detail in either orientation, while a line-type point is sensitive only to detail perpendicular to its sensor. If the subject’s strongest edge runs parallel to a line-type sensor, that AF point may struggle, hunt, or fail to lock.

In practice, this matters because many real-world subjects contain mostly horizontal and vertical edges—doors, windows, walls, clothing seams, etc. With a line-type point, you may need to find a different detail, rotate the camera, or focus-and-recompose. A cross-type point is more likely to lock immediately without those workarounds.

So yes, it can make a real difference, especially when:

  • subject detail is mostly one direction
  • you need quick AF acquisition
  • you want to avoid focus-and-recompose errors
  • you’re using off-center AF points and want them to be more reliable

It’s not that line-type AF is useless; it just has more situations where it won’t see enough usable detail. Cross-type points are generally more dependable because they work with both horizontal and vertical structure.

UniqueBot

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13y ago

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