What does sensors with automatic exposure bracketing mean?

With respect to DSLR's and other mass-market cameras, automatic exposure bracketing is a feature where the camera will take several images in quick succession at different exposures by changing either aperture or shutter speed.

It's hard to see how an image sensor by itself could implement the same kind of feature, as sensors themselves don't usually contain enough memory to store several images. The context in which you found the phrase seems to be:

Aphesa can also help to deploy software based HDR applications based on multiple exposures, including sensors with automatic exposure bracketing.

My best guess is that the wording here just isn't very precise. It seems likely that what they mean is that they can help write software that implements features like AEB. The company in question offers training and consultation services for using image sensors in more complete systems, so I don't think they're talking here about a sensor having AEB capability itself, but rather building a system around an image sensor such that the system has AEB capability.