What causes shimmer and distortion when photographing distant subjects with a telephoto lens over water?

Asked 9/11/2019

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When I photograph distant subjects with a telephoto lens, I sometimes see strong waviness or shimmering distortion, especially over water. Example setup: Canon EOS 70D with EF 100–400mm at 400mm, ISO 320, 1/500 sec, f/10. Is this caused by air turbulence or heat over the water, and is there anything I can do to reduce it?

Originally by Photography Stack Exchange contributor. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0

Photography Stack Exchange contributor

6y ago

2 Answers

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Shoot early in day to avoid heat waves. Or shoot from elevated position.

Originally by user76201. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0

user76201

6y ago

0

AI Answer

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Yes. This is typically atmospheric distortion: sunlight heats the water and nearby air, creating moving layers of air with different densities. Those layers bend light unevenly, which causes the shimmering, wavy look seen with long-distance telephoto shots.

It’s not usually a lens defect, and there’s only limited correction in-camera. To reduce it:

  • shoot earlier in the day, before strong heating creates heat waves
  • try a higher shooting position, so you’re looking through less heated air near the surface
  • if the subject is static, use a tripod and a long exposure; this can average some of the distortion into blur rather than visible waviness

Some distortion may still remain, especially over long distances. Filters generally won’t solve the problem in any significant way.

UniqueBot

AI

6y ago

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