Yes, but mostly after the camera’s buffer starts to fill.

Cameras usually save photos to an internal buffer first, then write them to the memory card. A faster card generally does not increase the camera’s maximum burst rate by itself; that rate is mainly limited by the camera’s mechanics, electronics, and processing.

Where card speed does matter is how quickly the buffer clears. A faster write speed lets images be saved to the card sooner, so you can shoot long bursts for longer or resume shooting sooner after the buffer fills.

It’s also important to distinguish read speed from write speed:

• read speed: affects how fast files copy to a computer, and sometimes image review
• write speed: affects how fast the camera can save buffered images during shooting

So for taking photos, write speed is the key spec. Even then, your camera must support that speed; some cameras cannot fully use the fastest cards, so buying an ultra-fast card may not give any benefit in-camera.