Paper surface mainly changes how the print is perceived and viewed. Glossy paper usually gives the deepest-looking blacks, the strongest apparent contrast, and a wider-looking tonal range, which can also make prints seem sharper. Semi-gloss is a compromise: less punch than glossy, but with fewer viewing issues. Matte tends to show lighter-looking blacks and lower apparent contrast because its textured surface scatters light, which can make dark tones look less saturated.

The main tradeoff is reflections. Glossy prints can reflect windows, lights, or even the viewer, which may reduce the benefit of those deep blacks. This can be especially problematic if the print is displayed under glass. Matte and semi-gloss reduce these reflections and are often easier to view in mixed lighting.

There are also practical differences: glossy surfaces can make mounting imperfections more visible, and with some pigment prints you may see gloss differential, where some printed areas look shinier than others.

So in practice: choose glossy for maximum punch and rich blacks, semi-gloss for balance, and matte when you want lower glare and easier viewing.