The problem seems to be that your camera apparently uses a non-standard way of listing the contents of the memory card. So when you move (as opposed to copy) a photo file from your memory card the record of the file is removed from the card's file directory by your computer's OS, but apparently not from a separate "Table of contents" that the camera uses to list the photos stored on the card. When you then browse that "ToC" on your camera the image will still be on the list. But when you select it for viewing the camera will be unable to find the address for it in the card's file directory, because the record of it there has been deleted when the file was moved.

It's always best practice to copy all images from a card and reformat the card with the camera before shooting with it again. This reduces the chance that the file structure might become corrupted (which is what appears to be happening to you) and could also cause you to lose the newly shot images you are storing on the card, or at best require you to use a less than ideal form of data recovery to access them on the card. The reason for this is that different cameras have different versions of storing image files to the memory card. Most, if not all, are DCIM compliant but there is enough variation between them that using a card formatted in another camera or on your computer may lead to corrupted images or file directories.