The main way you balance out light against your needs for the image is the "exposure triangle" of the three main settings: ISO, aperture, and shutter speed. You have to choose your priorities: noise (ISO), depth of field (aperture), or the possibility of blur (shutter speed).

Outside of these three settings, however, you do have two other options. You can use a tripod, which will allow you to use longer shutter speeds without camera shake blur (but which will still allow for subject motion blur), or if you really want a low iso, small aperture, and fast shutter speed then you have to add more light to the scene--typically with a flash.

You can try continuous light sources, but they generally have to be pretty powerful to accomplish what you want. A hotshoe flash, while it's more difficult to visualize than a continuous light, can deliver a LOT of light in a small battery-powered package. And while your built-in flash doesn't allow you to change the light quality/placement very well, and often gives that dead flat white look, lighting with a hotshoe flash and especially an off-camera hotshoe flash with modifiers is a whole 'nother game.

If you want to go this route, however, I'd recommend three things. First, be absolutely sure you've mastered ambient-only (non-flash) photography. Be comfortable shooting in M mode and knowing how to juggle stops between your iso, aperture, and shutter speed, because that's simple stuff compared to thinking about light and exposure when you throw in flash, too. Secondly, budget for a TTL/OEM flash if you can. Flash can transform your photography even more than a new lens; you should expect to spend as you would for a new lens--at least for your first/only, TTL-capable flash so you can use it both on and off camera with equal facility. Thirdly, read a bit before diving in. The two websites I recommend to anyone who wants to learn flash are Neil van Niekerk's Tangents website, and David Hobby's Strobist website, in that order (i.e., learn on-camera bouncing before you go all studio-lighting style with off-camera).