How can I improve manual focus accuracy on a Nikon D90 with a 50mm f/1.4 lens?
Asked 1/27/2012
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I use a Nikon D90 with a Nikon 50mm f/1.4G for portraits. In low light, autofocus can be slow or fail, so I’d like to rely more on manual focus. However, through the optical viewfinder I often can’t tell whether focus is truly accurate, especially at wide apertures where depth of field is very shallow. Are there practical ways to improve manual focusing accuracy on this kind of APS-C DSLR? For example, should I use the diopter adjustment, the focus confirmation indicator, Live View magnification, or any other technique?
Originally by Photography Stack Exchange contributor. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0
Photography Stack Exchange contributor
14y ago
2 Answers
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One of your problems is that the matte screen in your camera (this is what you are actually looking at through the viewfinder, it's a semi-transparent plastic screen that sits at the top of the mirror-house, below the prism housing) is designed to give a nice bright useable image through a slow autofocus lens such as your average f/3.5-5.6 consumer zoom. This is good if you are using a consumer zoom, but very bad if you are trying to focus a fast prime lens. The reason is that the extra screen brightness is bought at the expense of focus accuracy - is unable to show you the small depth of field at larger apertures than about f/2.8-ish. In other words, if you look at the image from an f/1.4 lens through this matte screen, the depth of field you see will be that of f/2.8 and not f/1.4. Again, for a consumer zoom this is entirely irrelevant but for a fast prime it is highly misleading. You physically cannot focus a fast prime accurately through such a matte screen; you are just not getting the information needed.
A solution for manual focusing is to replace the default "fast" matte screen with an old-school, coarse-grained one which will show you accurate depth of field for a faster lens, and more "pop" when things come into focus. You may also get a screen with a split-prism center, or one with a prism-ring round the center.
I'm not sure if Nikon offers such alternative mattes for the D90 but third parties might although installation is likey to be a bit more fiddly in that case. The downsides to a coarse-grained matte screen is that it affects light-metering, and that the view from lenses slower than about f/2.8 will be darker (much darker, in the case of an f/5.6 lens) in the viewfinder. The matte does not affect autofocus performance in any way though.
Originally by user3458. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0
user3458
14y ago
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Yes, but there are limits. On many DSLRs, including cameras like the D90, the standard focusing screen is optimized for a bright viewfinder with slower zoom lenses, not for precise manual focusing at f/1.4. So what you see through the optical viewfinder may not clearly show the true shallow depth of field of your 50mm wide open.
What helps most:
- Use the green focus-confirmation dot in manual focus mode; it still works and can guide you as you turn the ring.
- Use the center focus point area, which is typically the most sensitive.
- Focus on a high-contrast edge or line.
- If it’s hard to judge, deliberately rack focus past the subject and come back to focus.
- For static subjects, use Live View, magnify the image, and focus on the enlarged view. A tripod helps a lot.
The diopter adjustment only makes the viewfinder display itself look sharp to your eye; it does not calibrate lens focus.
Also remember that at f/1.4 depth of field is extremely thin, especially for close portraits, so even small subject or camera movement can throw focus off. For moving subjects, manual focus through the optical finder will remain difficult.
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