Not in normal digital photography. A photo’s warm or cool color cast is mainly determined by the light source and white balance, not the ambient air temperature.

What people often confuse here is color temperature versus physical temperature. In photography, “warm” light is more yellow/red and “cool” light is more blue. Daylight, shade, tungsten bulbs, LEDs, and fluorescent lights all have different color characteristics, and your camera’s white balance compensates for them.

So a snowy scene may look bluer not because the air is cold, but because the scene contains blue sky light, shade, snow, and other cool-toned elements. Likewise, a beach or sunset scene may look warmer because of the light and subject colors.

There is a possible edge case with some film stocks: film sensitivity can vary somewhat with temperature, and the color layers may respond differently. But for digital cameras, ambient temperature itself does not directly make images blue or red in the way described.