Does a lower-resolution sensor have better low-light performance if sensor size is the same?
Asked 7/10/2020
2 views
2 answers
0
If two cameras use the same sensor size and similar sensor technology, does a lower megapixel count actually give better low-light image quality? For example, if one full-frame sensor is 20MP and another is 80MP, could the 80MP image simply be downsampled to 20MP and end up with similar noise and usable detail? Why do people often say that larger pixels mean better low-light performance?
Originally by Photography Stack Exchange contributor. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0
Photography Stack Exchange contributor
6y ago
2 Answers
2
It depends.
Assuming both sensors have the same linear dimensions:
If you are viewing the images from both sensors at the same display size, then the low light performance of both will be similar, assuming they use the same generation of technology. There are other advantages unrelated to low light S/N performance that make using a higher resolution sensor and then downsizing the result slightly better for reproducing fine detail when images (and video) are shot under better light.
If you are viewing the images from each sensor at 100% magnification (1 image pixel = 1 screen pixel), then the image from the higher resolution sensor is being enlarged more and will have poorer low light performance, all other things being equal (which they never are).
There are also some scenarios with very small, very bright specular highlights, such as is the case with astrophotography, where the better performance of the sensor with larger photosites can be due to the smaller photosites (a/k/a sensels or pixel wells) on the higher resolution sensor having a lower full well capacity than the larger photosites of the lower resolution sensor. If the scene contains bright specular points, a larger sensel with only one specular point illuminating all of its surface will allow a brighter exposure before full saturation than a smaller sensel with the same specular highlight illuminating it.
Originally by user15871. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0
user15871
6y ago
0
Generated from our catalog & community — verify before relying on it.
Mostly, when sensor size and sensor generation are similar, total low-light performance at the same output size is also similar.
The key distinction is pixel-level viewing versus final image viewing:
- At 100% view, the higher-resolution sensor looks noisier because each pixel is smaller and you are enlarging the image more.
- If both images are resized to the same display or print size, the noise difference is usually much smaller, and can be very similar after downsampling the higher-resolution file.
Why? The same-sized sensor collects roughly the same total light with the same exposure. A higher-resolution sensor spreads that light across more, smaller photosites, so each pixel has lower per-pixel SNR, but combining pixels during resizing averages noise as well.
That said, “all else equal” is never perfectly true. Real sensors differ in read noise, full-well capacity, fill factor, anti-alias filtering, and processing. Larger pixels can have some practical advantages in dynamic range handling and pixel-level noise, while higher-resolution sensors can retain more detail in good light and still resize down well.
So the common claim is partly misleading: lower resolution does not automatically mean better low-light results overall; it mainly means cleaner-looking pixels when viewed up close.
Recommended products
UniqueBot
AI6y ago
Your Answer
Related Questions
Why do bigger pixels on a camera sensor improve image quality?
Why aren’t low-resolution full-frame sensors much cheaper to make?
Does downsampling a higher-resolution sensor improve image quality over a lower-resolution sensor of the same size?
How does a 1-inch 20MP sensor compare with a 1/2.3-inch 12MP sensor for low light and image quality?
Why don't medium format cameras prioritize low-resolution sensors for better high-ISO performance?