Do I automatically have rights to use a photo of myself?

You have personality rights to pictures taken of you but you have no copyright on your likeness as a person. Artwork with a recognizable level of artistic creation, like body paintings or poetry written/tattooed on your skin, may have copyrightable claims by the respective artist.

If you look at it "in terms of contribution to the work": If the goal is to create a photograph of Janice from accounting, it's not possible without a camera. Still the camera manufacturer does not get copyright in the end product.

Basically you are trying to argue like an intellectual property maximalist, essentially stating "any difference my existence makes to the world should be something I should have control over and be able to tax". That's not how copyright was designed. The respective rights misleadingly called "intellectual property" are generally considered copyright, patent right, trademark law. They are separate entities, carved out to grant special exceptions to quite specific kinds of changes wrought by the intellect and often benefitting society, for the purpose of encouraging progress in science and arts that otherwise would be hampered.

A photograph of Janice cannot be made without Janice, but Janice needs no additional incentive to exist or to do her hair, and she can negotiate whatever conditions she wants for her to pose for you. And the camera manufacturer does not need additional incentives in addition to the camera's price tag for producing their cameras. So there is no point in the state to assume a position where either Janice or the camera manufacturer get government-protected rights for their participation in some work.

Janice does get personality rights: you cannot publish her recognizable likeness without her agreement. This, again, is a separate government protected bubble of rights in order to make sure that something considered valuable is not taken without adequate compensation (in this case, it's centered about image in public and privacy, both assets that require little effort to mess with without rules).