Could a reflective layer behind 35mm film improve low-light sensitivity like an animal’s tapetum lucidum?
Asked 10/23/2017
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Some animals have a tapetum lucidum, a reflective layer behind the retina that helps in low light. Could a 35mm film SLR use something similar by placing a thin reflective surface behind the film? Since undeveloped film may seem transparent, would reflecting light back through the emulsion increase effective sensitivity, or would it cause image problems?
Originally by Photography Stack Exchange contributor. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0
Photography Stack Exchange contributor
8y ago
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Film makers avoid a transparent film because: Bright exposing light will penetrate and then hit the pressure plate. The pressure plate has a flat black coat. Nevertheless, highlights are bright and will reflect, re-exposing the film from the rear. This causes a halo like effect surrounding highlights called a halation. To avoid, modern films have an opaque anti-halation coat on their reverse.
The French physicist, Gabriel Lippmann experimented with transparent film plates. He exposed them with a mirror backing. Mostly he used mercury for this reflective surface. He used a reduced exposure. The reflected light re-traversing, completed the exposure. The light waves traced out a chain-like path. At the cross point, at the beginning and end of the chain like links, the exposure is doubled. Thus the intensity of the exposure is at the cross points. The developed film had metallic silver formed at these points. The spacing is exactly the wave length of the exposing light. Because the metallic silver spacing forms a maze that only allows one frequency to pass. This is the exact frequency of the light that made the exposure. The frequency is that feature of light that give it the colors we perceive. Looking at this image via backlighting, we see a full color picture. This is true even though the film was a black and white material.
The Lippmann process, based on a transparent film with mirror backing, is a laboratory curiosity. The process yields beautiful color slides, but the difficulty of viewing and the difficulty of making a copy doomed the popularly of this process.
Originally by user44949. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0
user44949
8y ago
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Not in a useful way. Film is designed to avoid rear reflections, not encourage them. If light passes through the emulsion and reflects back from the pressure plate or another backing, it can expose the film a second time and create halation: glowing halos around bright highlights and reduced image quality. That’s why many films use an anti-halation backing.
A true tapetum lucidum is closer to a retroreflective structure than a simple mirror. To work photographically, it would need to return light very precisely at an extremely fine scale, comparable to or smaller than the film grain. A practical version inside a camera would be fragile, difficult to make, and likely to scratch or damage the film.
There is historical precedent for mirror-backed photographic plates in Lippmann photography, but that was a specialized process, not a general way to make film faster. So while a reflective backing can affect exposure, in ordinary 35mm film cameras it would mostly add artifacts rather than improve low-light performance.
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