Or maybe, they just didn't return the canisters- only negatives?

It's very rare, but some labs did put the 35mm negatives back in the cassette after processing. You'd have to have marked the cassette or fish out the leader to see if it had been developed. You could go your entire life without ever seeing a 35mm cassette with developed film inside. (I've seen two. Those who state it doesn't happen have likely seen none.)

The usual practice is to cut the negatives into strips with four frames, which are returned along with the prints, unless the customer requests otherwise. So you can almost always assume that film in a 35mm cassette has not been developed.

Is there a way to find out if Kodak 200 Gold canisters have been printed (like the Advantix)?

If you have the prints, you know the negatives had been printed. Otherwise, there's no way to know.

Commercial labs generally provide prints when developing film, unless the customer requests otherwise. So unless you request "develop only", commercially processed negatives were most likely printed.

pulling negatives through an enlarger may leave tiny abrasion tracks near the perforations which occur after the negative has been fixated. – user85420

Such abrasions may not be different from what would be expected from pulling film through an automated developer or scanner carrier. While you may be able to tell that the film had been pulled through something, you still won't know whether it had been printed. It could have been put in an enlarger then removed without having been printed.