Normally, no: on Nikon G-series lenses the focus ring is designed to disengage at the end of travel, so turning it past the stop should not damage the lens. You may feel slight resistance there, then the ring continues freely.

First, check the autofocus settings on both the camera body and the lens. The lens’s M/A or A/M switch takes priority, and it’s easy to leave either the body or lens set to manual focus by mistake.

If autofocus is correctly enabled on both and the lens still makes noise without moving, manual focus still working suggests the lens probably wasn’t damaged by simply over-turning the focus ring. The issue is more likely an autofocus/electronic problem inside the lens rather than the manual focus mechanism itself.

So: verify the AF/MF switches on both body and lens first. If those are correct and autofocus still doesn’t function, the lens likely needs inspection or repair.