Yes — combining multiple images can improve different aspects of image quality, but the name depends on the goal.

• Reduce noise / improve low-light quality: combine multiple exposures of the same scene. This is often called multi-exposure noise reduction or image stacking.
• Increase dynamic range: combine bracketed exposures to preserve shadows and highlights. This is HDR (High Dynamic Range) imaging.
• Combine shots into one final image: the general term is compositing.
• Use different exposure settings intentionally: that is bracketing.
• Freeze or show motion from multiple viewpoints/times: this can be called timeslicing.

Using multiple cameras at once is possible, but in normal photography it’s less common than taking multiple images with one camera and combining them later. Simply adding cameras does not automatically increase resolution unless the images are carefully aligned and processed. In practice, the most common benefit is lower noise, better tonal range, or a composite image rather than a straightforward “precision boost.”