With an optical viewfinder, not really. It shows the scene through the lens, but it does not preview digital noise or the final processed image, so you can’t directly “see” ISO’s effect before shooting.

What you can do is:

• enable viewfinder data so you can see and monitor ISO, shutter speed, and aperture
• learn your camera through practice, since noise performance varies by model
• use a light meter or phone app to help predict exposure choices
• use auto modes such as aperture priority, program, or auto ISO if helpful
• use live view or a mirrorless camera if you want a closer exposure preview

Also, high ISO itself isn’t the whole problem; noise is mainly a result of low light and the amplification needed when little light is captured.

So the short answer is: an optical viewfinder won’t incorporate ISO as a visual preview of image quality. You mostly rely on the exposure readouts, experience, and—if needed—live view or mirrorless preview.