There is no clear answer: That depends on your type of photography.

If you want the camera just to take the usual this and that photos, you are probably not missing out very much. The computational support in the phone has come quite a way and is improving with astonishing speed.

You will notice some limitations: Due to the small sensor, the performance in low light is limited. The phone's image enhancement will do its best, and is now (year 2022) able to negate a lot of the effects by computational de-noising.

Things you can do with the phone, you probably cannot do that easily with the entry level dslr

• Filming without knowing what you do, including slow motion
• Carry it around you ALL the time
• Photos in very wet environments
• Automated panorama

Things that are hard or impossible with a phone

• low light photography (depends of post processing capabilities)
• anything that needs long time exposures or filters for artistic effect (like ND filters for landscape)
• Anything that needs a flash (you will have to use continuous light for any elaborate lighting, but then you cannot easily freeze action with continuous light)
• Zoom lenses. The best phones have a 5x optical zoom lens, equivalent to ~130mm. With a DSLR you can get a 400mm-equivalent lens cheaply (250mm lens on a crop sensor).

I am assuming that you use a third party photo app on the phone to have basic access to the settings a photo is taken with.

Note: After seeing a comparison video by Tony Northrup, I have changed some thoughts about low light photography.