While I'm not aware of any off-the-shelf solutions (and it's not native to Lightroom/ACR), there's no reason why it can't be done.

Since ACR/LR don't touch the original file (with a few exceptions related to EXIF data) but store the adjustments to be made in an XMP file, and XMP is just XML (plain text with angle brackets), there is no reason why an external program can't be used to modify the exposure smoothly across XMP files. (That is, in fact, how "bulb ramping" has to be done with Nikon cameras, which only have discrete shutter values available even in bulb mode.)

For that matter, you could probably do the same thing with white balance so that sunrise/sunset aren't too brightly orange/red compared to open blue sky midday.

That turns the "photography" problem into a programming problem. Examine the XMP file in a text editor to determine the document structure and what nodes need to be added/modified. If you have no other programming environment available to you, a VBA macro in a Microsoft Office application can do the trick (and can provide you with a useful parameter input form easily as well). But that takes us out of the scope of the Photography stack.