Yes — digital sensors, including consumer camera sensors, can be used to record holograms. This is generally called digital holography.

The main caveat is that recording is only part of the process. With a DSLR or similar sensor, the result is typically used for computational reconstruction, where software extracts a 2D image or other information from the recorded hologram. That is much more practical than trying to directly print or display it as a traditional hologram.

Traditional holography commonly uses photographic film or emulsion on glass because those media are well suited to recording very fine interference detail under coherent laser illumination. A DSLR sensor can still work in experimental setups, but it is not the typical choice for making classic viewable hologram plates.

So the short answer is: yes, it’s possible, and people have done it — but mainly as digital holography experiments and reconstruction workflows, not as a simple replacement for traditional holographic film.