Best workflow for scanning a large archive of 35mm black-and-white negatives
Asked 12/5/2018
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I have several binders of 35mm black-and-white negatives plus contact sheets, and I want a practical way to digitize a large archive for preservation and everyday use. Scanning the contact sheets has gone reasonably well, but scanning the negatives themselves has been less successful.
I’m trying to balance image quality, storage size, and speed. I’ve read that scanning directly to black-and-white JPEG is limiting because it is only 8-bit, while TIFF files can be very large. I also understand that Digital ICE generally does not work with traditional black-and-white negatives.
My goals are:
- preserve the archive well
- create files usable for web sharing
- make the archive searchable later, including face recognition
- avoid very expensive per-frame commercial scanning costs
Is there a sensible home-scanning workflow for a large number of 35mm B&W negatives within roughly a $500–$1000 budget? What file format and scanning approach make the most sense?
Originally by Photography Stack Exchange contributor. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0
Photography Stack Exchange contributor
7y ago
2 Answers
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Not sure if this is an answer to your scanning issues, but there is no problem scanning grayscale film (easier problems than color scanning), however printing grayscale photos on an inkjet printer can suffer a bit.
Your size comparisons do miss some points. If uncompressed, 8-bit mode grayscale data is 1 byte per pixel, and 8-bit mode RGB color data is 3 bytes per pixel (one byte each of Red and Green and Blue channel, called 24 bit color)... just how real life is. Color is simply 3x larger data. So 20-30 MB grayscale would be near 20-30 megapixels if not compressed, and only 1/3 of those megapixels if uncompressed RGB. That is not a meaningful quality comparison, however color is generally considered to be a plus.
And TIFF data is often uncompressed. TIF LZW compression is available (in photo editors, but not so much in scanners), but it compresses only a small percentage as much as JPG compresses, because LZW is lossless, but JPG is lossy (you could say, an approximation). Selecting a HIGH QUALITY JPEG setting is a larger and thus better quality image.
I'd say just wade into the scanning if you're willing. A thousand scans is a lot of work in any situation. It can be faster to use a digital camera in a macro slide-copy situation, if you have a way to hold the film and light it from the back side. Using the scanner film holder to hold it might simply it.
It is true that presence of metallic silver in the emulsion prevents Digital ICE from working, because silver is "seen" as a solid, same as dust or scratches would be seen (all color film except Kodachrome are dyes, with no silver). ICE removes visible spots that are not dye based (because infrared does not see dye at all).
Originally by user38978. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0
user38978
7y ago
0
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For a large B&W negative archive, the practical approach is to scan negatives as high-quality grayscale masters, then make smaller derivative files for browsing and web use.
A few key points:
- Grayscale film is not inherently hard to scan; in some ways it’s simpler than color.
- File size alone is misleading: grayscale uses 1 channel, while RGB uses 3. So a large grayscale TIFF is not automatically excessive compared with a smaller-looking color file.
- TIFF is often uncompressed, which is why files get big. If your software supports it, TIFF with LZW compression can reduce size without losing image data.
- Digital ICE generally does not work on traditional silver-based B&W negatives, so expect to handle dust carefully and do some manual cleanup.
A sensible workflow is:
- Scan each negative to grayscale TIFF as your archival master.
- Use lossless compression if available.
- Export smaller JPEGs from those masters for quick searching, face recognition, and web posting.
- Keep contact-sheet scans as reference/index files to help prioritize which frames need full-resolution scans.
That gives you preservation-quality files plus lightweight copies that are easy to manage.
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AI7y ago
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