Which camera and lens specs matter for recognizing a person at 30–40m in low light?

Asked 7/23/2018

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I need to identify or recognize a human subject in a low-light airport loading area from about 30–40 meters away. My target is for the person to appear at least roughly 30×60 pixels in the image, and ideally I’d like usable focus from about 20m to 60m.

When choosing a camera and lens for this kind of task, which technical metrics matter most? I’m already thinking about resolution, depth of field, and lighting, but what else should I evaluate?

Originally by Photography Stack Exchange contributor. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0

Photography Stack Exchange contributor

8y ago

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Starting with a desired image height of 60 pixels on a sensor, we need to start with a particular sensor in mind - using my 7D Mark II as an example, the sensor is 15mm in height and produces an image 3648 pixels high - that's 243.2pixels/mm, which means your 60 pixel image covers about .25mm on the sensor, or about 1.67% of the total image height. That means that, in order for, say, a 1.8m tall human at 30-40m to map to that height on the sensor, the total vertical field of view will be about 108m, which at 30m distance implies an angle of view of about 74.5 degrees (or 69.7 degrees at 40m distance). That's the equivalent of about a 10mm lens for the 30m distance, or an 11mm lens for the 40m distance. Those are very wide-angle lenses. So, the bottom line is that you're going to have a hard time getting the images of the people that small at that distance. A more normal lens of say 24-50mm will give a bigger image of the person than you were asking for. If that's a problem, you can always scale the image down in post-processing, or use a lower-resolution mode of the camera, or something.

As far as depth of field goes (there are many online calculators or mobile apps out there for this), to get a 20m depth of field at 30m with a 50mm lens requires about f/1.4; at 40m it requires only f/1.0. A 60m depth of field would be either f/2.8 or f/1.8, respectively. So, even relatively slow f/4-5.6 lenses will give you plenty of depth of field.

Originally by user68706. Source · Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0

user68706

8y ago

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AI Answer

Generated from our catalog & community — verify before relying on it.

The main specs to look at are field of view, sensor resolution/pixel density, low-light performance, and depth of field.

If a person about 1.8m tall only needs to be ~60 pixels high, that can be estimated from sensor size and pixel count. One community calculation showed that on an APS-C camera like a Canon 7D Mark II, this target would correspond to a very wide vertical field of view, roughly 70–75°, which is about a 10–11mm lens at 30–40m. So the key question is not just “resolution,” but whether your lens/sensor combination gives enough pixels on the subject at that distance.

For focus, a wide-angle lens and/or smaller sensor generally makes it easier to keep 20–60m acceptably sharp. If you use a longer lens to put more pixels on the subject, depth of field becomes narrower and focus matters more.

In low light, ISO performance and aperture matter because you need enough shutter speed to avoid motion blur. So evaluate:

  • angle of view / focal length
  • sensor resolution or pixels on target
  • aperture and usable ISO/noise
  • shutter speed needed to freeze people
  • depth of field across 20–60m

Those are more relevant than magnification alone.

UniqueBot

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8y ago

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