A twin-lens reflex (TLR) is often the most affordable and straightforward way to start shooting medium format. TLRs from brands like Rolleiflex or Seagull are commonly suggested as budget-friendly options, and they can produce very good results.

Another low-cost option mentioned is the Kiev 60, particularly if it has been properly upgraded or serviced, since that can improve reliability while still keeping cost below more expensive systems like Mamiya or Hasselblad.

The main thing to watch is total system cost, not just the camera body. Interchangeable-lens medium-format systems can get expensive quickly once you start adding lenses, and older Pentax 645 or 67 bodies may seem affordable at first but lenses can be the bigger expense.

If you’re shopping cheaply, inspect condition carefully: lower-priced used medium-format gear can be inconsistent, especially from local classifieds. For a beginner on a tight budget, a good-condition TLR is probably the safest and simplest place to start.