Yes — it is theoretically possible, and people do similar things with camera lenses, binoculars, or small telescopes held in front of a phone camera. This is essentially an afocal setup: the phone photographs the image formed by the optic placed in front of it.

Image quality can be usable, but it depends heavily on alignment and stability. The biggest challenge is keeping the external lens centered at the correct distance from the phone’s tiny camera lens. Hand-holding can work for a quick shot, but it’s awkward and difficult to keep aligned, so consistency will be poor without a rig or adapter.

So the practical answer is:

• Possible: yes
• Has it been tried: yes
• Likely to be clear: sometimes, but very dependent on setup
• Easy without support: no

If you only need a one-off identification shot, it may be worth trying. For repeatable results, use a phone-to-optic adapter or rig.