Lightroom generally does not let you disable that delete/remove confirmation dialog.

The usual faster workflow is to avoid deleting one-by-one while culling:

• Mark bad images as Rejected using the X key.
• When you’re done, switch to Library Grid view.
• Filter by the Rejected flag.
• Delete the rejected photos in one batch.

There are also shortcuts to remove without the prompt in some cases:

• On Mac, Option+Delete can remove from the collection/catalog without prompting.
• On Windows, Alt+Shift+Delete can remove the current photo from Lightroom.

However, based on the community answers, those shortcuts remove from Lightroom rather than delete from disk, and there does not appear to be an equivalent no-prompt shortcut for deleting from disk.

So: no, not for fully disabling the prompt in general; the best workaround is flagging rejects first, then deleting them in bulk.