Not from those measurements alone. From image geometry, you can determine the field of view, which gives you only the ratio of sensor size to focal length—not the actual sensor dimensions in mm.

So if all you know is resolution, focal length in pixels, object size, and object distance, you generally cannot recover the physical sensor size uniquely.

What you do need is at least one real-world camera specification, such as:

• the actual focal length of the lens in mm, and
• the 35mm-equivalent focal length

From those, you can estimate crop factor:

crop factor = equivalent focal length / actual focal length

Then, assuming the phone uses the same aspect ratio as a 35mm full-frame sensor, you can estimate sensor dimensions by dividing 36mm × 24mm by that crop factor.

In practice, the easiest route is to look up the phone camera specs online. Without an actual focal length in mm or another physical calibration reference, the sensor size cannot be determined reliably from the image data alone.