Yes for pinholes: increasing the distance from the pinhole to the film/sensor effectively gives a longer focal length, so extension tubes or a bellows can work.

The main tradeoff is that the image gets dimmer, so exposure must be increased. There is also an optimal pinhole size for a given pinhole-to-sensor distance; changing the distance too much from what the pinhole was designed for can reduce sharpness because diffraction and geometric blur won’t be as well balanced. In practice, though, there is usually enough tolerance that moderate extension works fine.

For zone plates, it’s different. A zone plate has its own focal length determined by its physical design, so simply adding extension does not really “zoom” it in the same way. Because zone plates have large depth of field and are not especially sharp to begin with, you may have some practical latitude, but extension does not change the plate’s focal length the way it does with a pinhole.