Can an APS film cartridge be reused after my Nikon Pronea S rewound it early?

The symbols on the base of the film cartridge are visual indicators to show the status of the film. The "X" is supposed to indicate fully exposed (and not yet developed), but it is possible to just stick something into the central spool (such as the lid of a Bic pen) and turn it clockwise to any other indicator you want. (Turning clockwise ensures that you don't force the film out through the door/slot of the film cartridge.) I guess you could just turn it to the full circle symbol (which indicates unexposed), and insert the cartridge into your Fuji camera, and hope the camera will just accept it like a new roll.

However, APS film uses magnetic encoding to record additional information for each frame alongside the image area. I am not sure, but it is possible that the magnetic heads in the camera will sense the information written by the previous camera, and refuse to use the film, based on the assumption that it is indeed already exposed.

A further consideration is that some APS cameras had the ability to reload a partially-used film cartridge (which would be indicated by the half-circle symbol). So there is also the possibility that your Fuji camera has this feature (not all APS cameras did), and it might accept the roll and automatically advance beyond the previously-exposed frames, and allow you to continue from there with the rest of the roll.