They’re very uncommon, especially as full tripods. Based on the community response, at least some older monopods did use a spring-loaded release: one example mentioned is an older SLIK monopod with a button that deploys the top section by several inches.

That design was meant more for quick fine height adjustment—similar to a tripod center column—than for fully opening the support automatically. The spring was strong enough to support an SLR with a moderate telephoto, but also strong enough to need care when released.

So the short answer is: spring-loaded one-handed deployment has existed in limited form on monopods, but not as a common tripod style. For full tripods, this kind of mechanism is rare because tripods need strong leg locks, rigidity, and safe controlled setup, which works against automatic spring deployment.